Russian manufacture, circa 1870. The cross in gold with black enameling, thin flat cross arms, the medallion finely painted on both sides, the medallion ring on the obverse chased. Width 48mm. The suspension loop hallmarked gold “56” and maker “WK” for Wilhelm Keibel, St. Petersburg. The breast star in brilliant-cut silver, the medallion enameled with painted order motto, the center gold, on pin. Accompanied by an old silk sash piece, fine silk, somewhat faded. Only lightly worn, an exceptionally fine quality in very beautiful condition!
The Imperial Russian Order of St. Anna (Russian Орден Святой Анны/ Orden Swjatoi Anny) was originally a house order and order of merit of the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty, which was incorporated into the Russian order system. The order was established on February 14, 1735 by Duke Karl Friedrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp at Kiel. The order was intended as a memorial to the deceased Tsaritsa Anna and founded in honor of his own consort Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter I. Originally, the order had only one class and was limited to a maximum of 15 members. The childless Empress Elizabeth I appointed in 1743 the later Peter III, the son of the above couple, as Tsarevich, so that the Grand Master of the Order of St. Anna moved to Russia, while the order remained Schleswig-Holsteinian. During the reign of Catherine II, the order had no national affiliation whatsoever, since Peter III renounced the Holstein ducal title in favor of another line of the dynasty; however, as a house order it was awarded by Tsarevich Paul (Paul I) in not insignificant quantities. In 1797, the Order of St. Anna was then adopted by Paul I as a three-class order of merit into the Russian system. The third class was purely a military decoration for merit and was worn only as a miniature on the sword pommel. Emperor Alexander I created a fourth class of the order in 1815, which was worn on the sword pommel, so that the 3rd class acquired the character of a breast decoration. The insignia of the Order of St. Anna was a red enameled cross pattée with gold border (from 1828; until that year the order retained its Holstein appearance with colored red glass instead of enameling). In the central medallion of the obverse was the image of St. Anna with a cross in her hand, executed in enamel painting; the reverse showed the central medallion with the intertwined monogram cipher of the saint. Golden flames emerged from the angles of the order cross. From 1828, the order could be awarded with crown (only 1st and 2nd class); it was an enameled Russian imperial crown that hung above the cross. In 1874, the decoration with crown was abolished and simultaneously the one with swords was introduced. The golden swords were placed beneath the flames in the cross angles. The Order of St. Anna 1st and 2nd class could also be awarded with brilliants. Non-Christians received the order with the tsar's eagle instead of the saint's figure in the central medallion of the cross. The order ribbon was red with simple yellow stripes on both edges. The Grand Cross was worn on a sash from the left shoulder to the right hip, the star of the 1st and 2nd class on the right breast. The silver breast star of the order was eight-pointed; in the central medallion it had the order cross, which was surrounded by a band with the abbreviated original order motto “Amantibus Iustitiam, Pietatem, Fidem” (= To those who love Justice, Piety, and Faith). On decorations with crown, it sat above the central medallion; on those with swords, the crossed swords were placed beneath the central medallion. Simultaneously with the adoption of the Order of St. Anna into the Russian system, Paul I established the “Badge of Honor of St. Anna” (“Знакъ отличія св. Анны”), a small gilded medal with the order cross in its center and the award number on the reverse, which was intended for non-commissioned officers and soldiers for 20 years of service. Since the October Revolution, the order and the badge of honor were no longer awarded.
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