Wehrmacht Group Photograph of a Member of the Heer and the SA Feldjägerkorps
This group photograph documents a notable moment in German military history during the National Socialist era, depicting an individual who belonged to both the Wehrmacht (Army) and the SA Feldjägerkorps (SA Field Police Corps). Photographs of this type, typically produced in postcard size, were an important medium for documenting military affiliation during the 1930s and 1940s and frequently served as personal mementos.
The Wehrmacht was officially established on March 16, 1935, when the National Socialist regime reintroduced universal conscription, openly violating the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. The Army formed the largest branch alongside the Navy and Air Force. By the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the Wehrmacht had already grown to approximately 2.7 million soldiers.
The SA Feldjägerkorps represents a special and less well-known formation within the Sturmabteilung (SA, Storm Troopers). The SA itself was founded in 1920/21 as a paramilitary combat organization of the NSDAP and reached a strength of several million members by 1934. After the so-called “Röhm Affair” or “Night of the Long Knives” from June 30 to July 2, 1934, during which the SA leadership was liquidated on Hitler's orders, the organization lost considerable political significance and was increasingly relegated to a subsidiary role.
The SA Feldjägerkorps was established in the 1930s as a specialized unit and assumed duties similar to those of military field gendarmerie. Field police traditionally were responsible for maintaining military order, traffic regulation in rear areas, and pursuing deserters. The SA Feldjägerkorps attempted to fulfill these functions within the paramilitary structure of the SA, though its actual significance remained limited after 1934.
The fact that one person belonged simultaneously to the Wehrmacht and the SA Feldjägerkorps was entirely possible, as many SA members were conscripted into the Wehrmacht after 1935. SA membership could formally continue even as service in the Wehrmacht took precedence. During the prewar period, dual membership was not uncommon, as the SA continued to function as a reserve and training organization. However, the relationship between Wehrmacht and SA was often marked by tensions, as traditional military structures viewed the party's paramilitary formations with suspicion.
Military photographs in postcard size (approximately 9 × 14 cm or 10 × 15 cm) were a widespread medium throughout the Third Reich period. They were frequently produced in professional photo studios or by regimental photographers and served various purposes: as memories for family, as proof of military affiliation, or as gifts to comrades. The backs often bore stamps of the photographic studio as well as handwritten dedications or dates.
Group photographs had particular significance as they documented the spirit of comradeship and solidarity within military units. They typically show soldiers in their uniforms with corresponding insignia, rank badges, and equipment items. Careful analysis of such photographs often enables identification of the unit, rank, and approximate time of origin based on the uniforms and insignia worn.
Wehrmacht uniforms followed traditional German military traditions and were precisely regulated by Army Service Regulations. The SA, in contrast, wore its characteristic brown uniform with black collar patches and various rank insignia. SA Field Police wore additional specific markings of their function, frequently in the form of armbands or special breast badges.
From a collection-historical perspective, such photographs represent important contemporary historical documents. They provide insights into the reality of military daily life and the complex organizational structures of National Socialist Germany. At the same time, they must be viewed in the context of the criminal nature of the Nazi regime. Both the Wehrmacht and the SA were implicated in the regime's crimes, with the SA being particularly responsible for acts of violence, intimidation, and persecution of political opponents during the early phase of National Socialist rule.
The preservation of such photographs in good condition (here designated as “condition 2”) is noteworthy, as paper documents from this period have frequently suffered from improper storage, moisture, or mechanical damage. For military-historical research and museums, such objects are significant for documenting the reality of the period and making it accessible for educational purposes.