Frontflugspange for Kampfflieger in Silver - R.S.S.
The Front Flying Clasp for Bomber Pilots in Silver represents a significant decoration of the German Luftwaffe during the Second World War. This clasp belongs to a sophisticated system of operational badges designed to recognize and document the operational missions of Luftwaffe aircrew.
The Front Flying Clasps were officially introduced by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe on January 30, 1941. Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring created an award system intended to honor the continuous operational readiness and courage of flying crews. Unlike medals and decorations awarded for special individual achievements, the Front Flying Clasps documented the cumulative number of operational sorties completed.
The badge for Kampfflieger (bomber crews) was specifically designed for crews of bomber aircraft. The clasp existed in three grades: Bronze for 20 operational flights, Silver for 60 operational flights, and Gold for 110 operational flights. Each operational flight had to meet certain criteria to be counted - particularly, enemy territory had to be reached or enemy contact had to occur.
The silver version thus represents a considerable achievement, documenting substantial combat experience and repeated life-threatening situations. For crews of bomber aircraft such as the Heinkel He 111, Junkers Ju 88, or Dornier Do 17, sixty operational flights meant months of intensive and dangerous operations over enemy territory.
The design of the Front Flying Clasp for bomber crews displays characteristic elements: a stylized eagle with outstretched wings encompassing a wreath of laurel branches. In the center, there is typically a stylized representation symbolizing the branch of service. The clasp itself is horizontally oriented and was worn above the left breast pocket of the uniform.
The marking R.S.S. refers to one of the numerous manufacturers commissioned during the war to produce these awards. Manufacturing was carried out by various companies, primarily from the jewelry and medallion industry. The use of silver-plated base metal was necessary due to wartime conditions, as precious metals were reserved for armaments production. This corresponds to typical material usage in German military decorations from the middle war period onward.
The reverse manufacturer's marking was common on German military awards and served quality control and documentation purposes. Different manufacturers used various marking systems, often consisting of letter or number combinations assigned by the Presidential Chancellery of the Führer or later by the Reich Aviation Ministry.
The award process was strictly regulated. Each operational flight had to be documented in a logbook, and the clasp was awarded by the responsible wing commander or higher command authorities. The decoration was presented in a ceremonial setting and recorded in the paybook and personnel files.
In historical context, these Front Flying Clasps document the intensive aerial warfare over Europe, North Africa, and the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1945. The bearers of these awards participated in operations such as the Blitzkrieg, the Battle of Britain, Operation Barbarossa, and the later defensive battles.
Loss rates among bomber crews were considerable, which underscores the significance of reaching 60 operational flights. Many crew members did not reach this threshold, making the silver Front Flying Clasp a testament to both military achievement and considerable fortune.
Today, these awards are important military-historical objects that document the history of aerial warfare in museums and collections. They serve as material witnesses of a historical era and provide researchers and historians with insights into the award system, material usage, and manufacturing processes of that time.